Steam boiler maintenance and safety operation analysis

1.1 Check and repair the steam drum
      The so-called steam drum is the equipment at the top of the boiler. It exists horizontally with the inner furnace. The main meaning of its existence is to act as a water storage tank. It is composed of a steam-water separator, a steam dryer, a water supply pipe, a downcomer, a continuous blowdown pipe, an ascending pipe, and a steam guide pipe. In normal work, we must carefully check the height of the drum water level, because its location will have a great impact on the safety of the equipment.
     Therefore, we must overhaul the steam drum during overhaul. Specifically, it is necessary to check whether there is any improper place in it, and whether the inside is damaged, and also to clean it regularly to ensure that there are no impurities in it.
1.2 Repairing the water wall
      The water wall is located on the inner wall of the steam boiler furnace in Dongguan, Guangdong. It is an evaporation heating surface composed of many parallel tubes. The function of the water wall in the operation of the boiler is to absorb the heat radiated by the flue gas in the furnace of the steam boiler in Dongguan, Guangdong, and to absorb the steam or hot water generated in the parallel pipes in the future, so as to reduce the temperature of the furnace body and ultimately protect the furnace. The meaning of the body. If it is in a relatively large-capacity boiler, there will be more high-temperature flames or hot gas radiation generated in the boiler furnace, so that the water wall can absorb more than 45% of the heat generated by the boiler furnace.
      In the current steam water tube boilers in Dongguan, Guangdong, water wall is used as the evaporation heating surface. If the water wall is ignored during maintenance, the slagging problem will not be found, which will eventually make the equipment inoperable. When it is in operation, if the absorbed temperature exceeds its own capacity, it will cause the pipeline to explode, and sometimes it will cause the boiler to burst. This shows that we must include the related maintenance work into the overall maintenance. Matter.
1.3 Check and repair the superheater
     The so-called superheater, its meaning is to process steam. After the superheated steam enters the steam turbine, if there is a problem with the superheater, the heat will drop, which will cause the steam to carry water in the equipment, which will eventually affect the blades and make the equipment unable to operate safely.
     If the temperature of the steam is higher than the normal value, the blades will become hot, which will eventually shorten the service life of the equipment and affect the service life.
2 The main factors affecting the safe operation of the boiler
2.1 Water quality
     Through analysis, we found that water quality will also have a significant impact on the operation of the equipment. If the water quality is poor, it will cause a lot of scale in the heated area of ​​the equipment, and the scale itself will corrode the equipment and also cause salt to accumulate on the surface of the superheater. The existence of this phenomenon will not only cause economic losses to the user, but also cause many unimaginable bad consequences, such as equipment explosion, once the explosion will injure the user. From the above description, we can know that water quality has a critical impact on the operation of the equipment.
2.2 Load
     The main body structure of the steam boiler in Dongguan, Guangdong is set according to the rated load and the designed coal type. When the load is normal, the equipment can operate stably. However, because there is a temperature difference during operation, in order to ensure the safety of operation, it is necessary to reduce the load. If the load is too low, the furnace cannot be fully combusted at this time, which will cause the combustion center to shift, which will cause many problems at this time.
2.3 The quality of workers
     The development of any work is inseparable from people. To ensure the normal operation of the boiler, the first thing to do is to ensure that the staff have a high level of work and professionalism. In the actual work, we found that there are many interference elements to the safety of the equipment, and there are many reasons that affect it. When the boiler fails to operate, a reasonable solution must be taken, and the corresponding solution must be choose according to the difference of the failure. Therefore, workers must have a higher technical level. If the control is unreasonable, it will face many safety hazards.
2.4 Boiler coking
     Under the general operating conditions of steam boilers in Dongguan, Guangdong, the temperature in the boiler furnace will reach above 1500°C. At this time, a lot of flue gas will be formed near the furnace, and the temperature of the flue gas is relatively low. If the dust particles in it are still melted when they collide, they will fall on the wall pipe, and then generate a ash layer, which is the coking phenomenon we are talking about here. Generally speaking, the thickness of coking is different. If the situation is serious, the large pieces of coke will separate from the wall tube, and the temperature in the furnace will change at this time.
      At this time, when the higher temperature coke lump falls to the bottom of the furnace, a lot of water vapor will be generated in the furnace of the steam boiler in Dongguan, Guangdong and begin to rise, which will eventually cause the temperature in the furnace to drop rapidly, and the pressure in the furnace will also change. Automatic protection operation, thereby reducing the occurrence of accidents.
2.5 Coal quality
     As we all know, the various values ​​of the boiler must be combined with the heat of coal. Our country is vast and rich in resources, and coal is produced in many regions, and the types of coal in each region are different, which will cause their heat to be different. When the equipment is in operation, the value we design is often different from the value of the actual coal used. At this time, the operation of the steam boiler in Dongguan, Guangdong will be affected.
3 Analysis of effective measures for boiler maintenance and safe operation of boilers
3.1 Clarify the scope and time of maintenance
      After we have clarified the boiler maintenance content, we must clarify the equipment maintenance time and scope under this premise. If the equipment is overhauled for a long time, the performance of the equipment will be affected. At the same time, because the cost of overhauling the boiler once is relatively high, frequent overhauling of steam boilers in Dongguan, Guangdong will also increase the cost of overhaul.
      The longer maintenance period of the boiler will also affect the normal operation of the internal equipment of the boiler. For boilers that usually work for a long time, the maintenance period should be shortened. The scope of overhauling the boiler is mainly to overhaul the parts with low internal operation stability, and overhaul all the parts. Once the damaged parts are found, they must be replaced as soon as possible. Only in this way can the safe and stable operation of the equipment be ensured.
3.2 Appropriate choose of maintenance measures
      Due to the different types of equipment, it is necessary to combine specific analysis when carrying out maintenance work. For the same equipment, different problems need to be analyzed in real situations. Generally speaking, when there is a sudden problem with the equipment, it is necessary for the worker to find out the problem in the first time, so as to choose reasonable maintenance measures to prevent the problem from interfering with other components. We will deal with this sudden problem. Measures to cause problems are called emergency measures.
      Regular maintenance measures refer to setting the maintenance cycle based on the specific status of the equipment and then carrying out maintenance activities on it. This method has a better effect in the short term. Centralized overhaul measures refer to the gathering of equipment to carry out. Its advantage is that it can find problems with equipment in the first time, but the disadvantage is that it requires more funds.
      Therefore, when we carry out specific maintenance work, we must analyze the specific situation and choose reasonable and appropriate maintenance measures.